Friday, February 14, 2020
Rime response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Rime response - Essay Example Also, the racial origin is also found to affect how the criminal justice system is delivered. This paper then discusses these issues in details. The succeeding paragraphs will analyze if indeed there is a difference on how the criminal justice system responds to elite and street crimes and to race. Poverty and Income inequality are believed to be the main reason for street crimes. This belief stems from common sense notions about the effects of poverty on the lives and behaviors of persons: the acute frustrations of being poor and the impact of those frustrations on the choices people make. The idea that poverty causes crime also stems from the perception that most criminals-particularly those in prisons for serious and violent street crimes-come from backgrounds of poverty. Street crimes also involved youth gangs. They "often engage in criminal activities, which to a great extent serve as training for the youth to engage in more crime as adults, thus developing a career of crime" (Margaret L. Andersen). Among the Americans, John Hagan noted that "the young African-American males have a vastly disproportionate risk of encountering the criminal justice system, both as victims and violators. Crime is also a great concern for low-income Hispanic and White Americans" (Hagan). It i s important to know the profile of the doers of street crime so as we will understand the cause of the differnce on the response of the country's criminal justice system. There is also what sociologists tag as white collar crimes. These refer to "criminal activities by persons of high social status" and includes "embezzlement (stealing funds from one's employer), involvement in illegal stock manipulation (insider trading), and a variety of income tax laws including tax evasion" (Margaret L. Andersen). Elite crime has two types: "white-collar crimes" or crimes committed by upper-status individuals during the course of their occupations and "corporate crimes," which are crimes committed by organizations, business and industry. Sociologists believe that "whether it is in the police station, the courts or the prisons, the social factors of race, class and gender are highly influential in the administration of justice in this society. People in the most disadvantaged groups are more likely to be defined and identified as criminal, and having encountered this system of authority, are more likely to be detained or arrested, found guilty and punished " (Margaret L. Andersen). The profiles of those who are involved in street crimes are mostly the poor and the Black Americans. Following the argument above, there can indeed be a difference between how the criminal justice system respond to doers of street crimes against those who commit elite crimes simply because of their race and class status. Street crime offenders will be most likely detained, found guilty and punished. The Influence of Race One of the most controversial issues in criminal justice processing is the possible influence of the racial or ethnic background of the accused-despite the checks and balances built into the system-on the outcome of legal proceedings; these include the crimes he or she is charged with, whether he or she is convicted, and, if convicted, whether he or she will serve a long prison sentence. In light of the gross disparities in imprisonment between whites and African Americans, this is a serious concern. Other sociologists argue that the
Sunday, February 2, 2020
What is Katniss's greatest character flaw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
What is Katniss's greatest character flaw - Essay Example The main character of the book is Katniss Everdeen, Living a life of misery under the feet of the capitol Katniss and her family is deprived of every little joy of life by the oppressive rule of the government who then steps forward to change the system as it is now and restore happiness and dignity of the poor in the society. Katniss has been portrayed as a very intelligent, independent, and courageous sixteen year old girl in the book. But there is another side to Katniss which slightly flaws her personality and distorts her image portrayed in the entire book. No doubt the character of Katniss is very interesting and the best part is the connection it sparks with the readers. However, it is slightly flawed as she lacks one of the major characteristic that is morality in her character. It is true that she faced countless troubles and hardships in her life which as a result made her into a stronger person, but still it is not justified for her to be concerned only about her personal goals by putting others life in danger. By examining the book one can extract out that Katniss was a girl who was deeply attached to only 1 or 2 people in her life. She was emotionally closed to others; hence all her emotions were concentrated on those two most important people in her life. She cares only about her motives despite the fact that unlike her not everyone was playing the game with the same motive and had an intention of winning only but there were several other reasons as well. She clearly lacked moral grounds and her actions were not justified. It would be a disgrace to the word hero if someone says that she possessed the elements and qualities of a hero. Although, her early life was tainted with miseries and oppression which caused her to be the person she has become now but her actions are still not justified. She can be called as a person who fought to save her
Friday, January 24, 2020
Medea - the conception of drama within theatrical production :: essays research papers fc
ââ¬Å"The Conception of Drama within Theatrical Productionâ⬠à à à à à In Euripidesââ¬â¢ tragic play, Medea, the playwright creates an undercurrent of chaos in the play upon asserting that, ââ¬Å"the worldââ¬â¢s great order [is being] reversed.â⬠(Lawall, 651, line 408). The manipulation of the spectatorsââ¬â¢ emotions, which instills in them a sentiment of drama, is relative to this undertone of disorder, as opposed to being absolute. The central thesis suggests drama in the play as relative to the method of theatrical production. The three concepts of set, costumes, and acting, are tools which accentuate the drama of the play. Respectively, these three notions represent the appearance of drama on political, social, and moral levels. This essay will compare three different productions of Euripidesââ¬â¢ melodrama, namely, the play as presented by the Jazzart Dance Theatreà ¹; the Culver City (California) Public Theatreà ²; and finally, the original ancient Greek production of the play, as it was scripted by Euripi des. à à à à à The two contemporary productions of Medea were selected for this essay in an effort to contrast the ancient Greek version of the play with two modernized versions, which would demonstrate a wide distinction between the styles of production. Furthermore, both modernized versions of the play add their own innovation to the production, making for an even broader dissimilarity among the plays. Moreover, both recent productions are fashioned within cultures which have borrowed their political, social, and moral ways of life from Ancient Greek society, specifically, South Africaà ¹ (British Colonies), and The United Statesà ². à à à à à Based in Cape Town, South Africa, Jazzart Dance Theatre is known today for its distinctive style and ingenuity in extending the boundaries of South African dance. Contrarily to the original production of Medea, Jazzartââ¬â¢s unique approach uses dance (as opposed to music) to articulate emotion to the viewers. The dancers reinvent Greek tragedy, harbouring no artistic safety net. à à à à à The set plays a central role in dramatizing the theatrical experience of this particular production. As you can see in both figures 1 and 2, the set is purposely designed to resemble a metropolitan alleyway. This dramatic ambiance is created in an effort to parallel the harshness of the unforgiving streets of any particular conurbation. Normally, the audience would tend to construe this setting as a symbol of turmoil in the kingdom of Corinth. Thus, the set itself works as a device in developing a sense of political drama. à à à à à The costumes which are used for this particular production are also essential in dramatizing the on-stage action.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
How Does Hydro And Wave Energy Work Environmental Sciences Essay
Energy besides known as electricity is an of import beginning of energy usage all around the universe. Electricity Energy helps make a batch of work such as it gives people visible radiation. It warms our organic structures and places. It runs our Television and our autos. It makes us turn and travel and believe. Energy is the power to alter things. It is the ability to make work. Light is a type of energy we use all the clip. We use it so we can see. We get most of our visible radiation from the Sun. At dark people must do there our ain visible radiation. Normally, we use electricity to do visible radiation. In today ââ¬Ës universe with the aid of latest engineering energy can be created by utilizing heat from Sun, power of air current and the force of falling H2O or moving ridge. Currently authorities from all around the universe are keen in puting a batch of money in these undertakings. The undertakings are met to be environmentally friendly, low in cost, easy to keep and resound free. Hydro energy system provides energy that usually comes from H2O force and converts to electricity. Hydro energy can be created by utilizing many ways. In most of the taking states, the most dependable and inexpensive common method of bring forthing energy from H2O are hydroelectric dikes, where H2O comes down through an country that causes turbines to revolve and so energy can be captured to run a generator. Power can besides be generated from the energy of tidal forces or beckon power, which uses the energy created by moving ridges. 1.2 Technology in different states Technological progresss in the workss and in power transmittal make it executable to construct hydroelectric workss in distant locations, far from where the power will be used. The Itaipu Dam on the Paran & A ; aacute ; River between Paraguay and Brazil can bring forth up to 12,600 megawatts of power. This works, opened in 1982, supplies about all Paraguay ââ¬Ës electricity and one-fourth of that needed for Brazil. Tasik Kenyir ( Lake Kenyir ) Sultan Mahmud hydroelectric power station in Malaysia has a capacity of 400 megawatts of power. One of the largest hydroelectric undertakings in the universe is China ââ¬Ës Three Gorges undertaking on the Yangtze River. The dike, designed to command the lay waste toing inundations on the river, includes a big hydroelectric works. With a capacity of 18,200 megawatts, Three Gorges is projected to be able to supply up to one-ninth of China ââ¬Ës electricity needs. China has besides built many little hydroelectric workss for local usage ar ound the state. 1.3 Phase of development of Hydro Energy Hydroelectric power grew quickly after that. In 1886 there were 45 hydroelectric workss in the United States. By 1889, 200 workss were bring forthing electricity by utilizing H2O for some or all of the power. At the same clip, hydroelectric power workss opened around the universe. Italy built its first hydroelectric works in 1885 at Tivoli, in the mountains outside Rome. The works ab initio powered visible radiations in the nearby town. But by 1892 a 2nd works in the same location was supplying power to Rome, the first long-distance power transmittal in Italy. Other states with good conditions for hydroelectric power shortly built workss. Canada, France, Japan, and Russia were among the first on board. During the period from 1900 to 1950 the usage of hydroelectric power increased quickly. 1.4 Economicss and political relations involved Hydro energy systems have a large impact economically as the system provides energy to public where they are charged for the serviced. While this procedure travel on capital normally comes in the market where every one gets a part of the concern or makes net income for there concern. Politically the system can do a difference for illustration if there is a natural catastrophe the authorities will do a loss. 1.5 Cultural and determination devising in different states Many states in the universe usage hydro energy system to make electricity in a lower cost. Currently Canada comes up top of the list for high use and the United States comes in 2nd. One of the chief grounds the undermentioned states took the determination to utilize hydro energy system the most to bring forth electricity is because it ââ¬Ës a renewable energy, which means it will non be depleted over clip and it will systematically be replenished. It is besides a clean energy beginning. 1.6 Possible Problems when utilizing Hydro Energy One job that can go on when utilizing hydro energy is that it sometime can alter the natural flow of the H2O which can do it possible to harm workss and animate beings in the H2O. It can besides damage countries and wildlife, as when making a hydro electric dike, countries should be flooded. 1.7 Profitable Hydro Energy system Other grounds that many states want to utilize hydro energy is that it is cheaper than utilizing other methods to change over energy to electricity. It is besides dependable and can be used about instantly when turned on to run into the demand for electricity. Therefore, one must weigh the pros and cons before make up one's minding to utilize hydro energy to provide their demand for electricity. 1.8 Application of Hydro Energy our Major A hydro energy works can absorbs the energy of falling H2O to bring forth electricity so a turbine can change over the energy of falling H2O into mechanical energy. Then a generator has to change over the mechanical energy into electrical energy. Hydro workss can be in different size from micro-hydro that power merely really few places. A Dam can raise H2O degree of a river to make falling H2O. Besides the dike can command the flow of H2O. The reservoir that is created is will practically hive away energy. The force of falling H2O should force against the turbine ââ¬Ës blades doing the turbine to turn in one way. A H2O turbine is similar to a windmill, except that the energy is provided in different manner, falling H2O alternatively of air current. The turbine should change over the kinetic energy of falling H2O into a mechanical energy. Generator that is connected to the turbine via shafts so when the turbine turns it makes the generator to revolve besides convert the mechanical energy from the turbine into electric energy. Wave Energy 2.1 Background of moving ridge energy Waves are of course caused by the air current which blows over the sea degree. In many portion of the universe, the air current blows with different force to supply moving ridges that can be used to bring forth energy. There is high degree energy and force in the ocean moving ridges. Wave power can devices and extract energy straight from the surface ocean moving ridges or from force per unit area fluctuations below the surface. Wave can besides be generated moving ridge when Earth quack takes topographic point. Wave power varies widely in different parts of the universe, and beckon energy ca n't be usefull efficaciously everyplace. Wave-power can be found in different countries of the universe include the western seashores of Scotland, northern Canada, southern Africa, Australia, and the north-western seashores of the United States. 2.2 Technology In the current market engineerings and design in moving ridge Energy system has improved enormously. The industrial moving ridge power station/plant has to utilize a shoreline chamber, in which saltwater comes and goes of course. As the H2O semen, the air in the chamber is pressurised and forced to travel through a hole into the turbine, to do it turn. As the H2O recedes, the air is goes back, go forthing the turbine turning. The turbine so can be connected via a shaft but the new engineering is utilizing belt to the generator where energy will be converted into electricity. 2.3 Impact on environment In today ââ¬Ës universe moving ridge power is considered as environmentally friendly. Most complain normally come from local neighbors as it can be a spot noisy, landscape, or affect of roads taking to the sites. These complains are presently seen as disadvantage. 2.4 Political and Economic Impact Wave energy has made a large impact economically and politically from old ages. Economically in a manner when a undertaking take topographic point it brings capital together which means everyone little concern, contracts laborers, stores and many acquire a part of the concern and gain them net income. Politically it can impact the authorities if the undertaking does non work because of a natural catastrophe. 2.5 Application of moving ridge energy Kinetic energy of course has to be in the moving ridge that moves in the ocean. The energy can be used to power and run a turbine. Following the illustration in diagram 1 below moving ridge should lift while making the chamber. The forces of the lifting H2O really have to force air out of the chamber. The traveling air in ruddy coloring material shown in the diagram spins the existent turbine which will manually turn the generator. After this procedure wave down, air flows through the turbine and back into the chamber through doors that are usually closed. Others system really uses up and down gesture of the moving ridge to power Piston that moves up and down indoors the cylinder. That Piston should be able to turn a generator. Tidal Power ââ¬â Wave Energy Diagram 1 Comparison of different energy system Hydro Energy Hydroelectric power has other benefits as good. Dams and hydroelectric workss last a long clip. This means that one time the costs of edifice are paid off, a hydroelectric works becomes a comparatively cheap beginning of electricity. Wave Energy Wave energy system is every bit good as hydro energy. Advantages are it does non upset populace in instance there of noise. Disadvantages are it can do amendss in instance there are sea storm and besides mite be hard for applied scientists to make any care. Wind Energy Wind Energy system work about the same manner wave energy plants. Before applied scientists used to put large turbines in land but now engineering has improved same system can be build on sea and works every bit good as any other system. Decision Following the treatment between different sort of energy systems. Energy is a really of import factor in today ââ¬Ës universe. As engineering degree is lifting better energy system is been design and tested. Presently a new energy system has been tested which works under H2O. The turbine system is fixed on the land to protect against quiver. The turbine system rotates with the aid of sea H2O force per unit area. Engineers and authorities of all the prima states are puting more energy system because they are pollution free and do non necessitate any expensive fuel.
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Groundbreaking Piece in the New York Magazine of 1915...
In February 1915, the New York magazine, The Smart Set: A Magazine of Cleverness, featured a piece called, The Flapper. This was the first time a magazine had ever shown the rebellious young girl who wore short dresses and skirts in the 1920ââ¬â¢s. The magazine described the flapper as ââ¬Å"A charming creature!â⬠(The Smart Set : A Magazine of Cleverness) and continued to boast the reputation of the flapper by portraying her as educated and mysterious. The magazine Vanity Fair soon followed in September of 1921, but this magazine demolished the reputation of the flapper girl. ââ¬Å"Why arenââ¬â¢t they at home?â⬠(Panzini The Flapper - a New Type: September 1921) the magazine and the majority of people asked. The article then described how the image of the flapper girl is distinguishing a mother from her daughter by the way they acted and dressed. The image of a flapper girl was not just in the United States, for Germany and France had the flapper girl as an icon. The term for flapper girl in Germany is, der Backfish, and in French it is lââ¬â¢Ingà ©nue. (The Smart Set : A Magazine of Cleverness) Before the flapper girl, there was the era of Victorian fashion, the role of women before World War One, and the role of women during World War One. Post World War One, the focus on the image of women in society skyrocketed through every day flapper girls and through publicized flapper girls such as famous actresses Clara Bow and Louise Brooks. In the 1920ââ¬â¢s, opportunities expanded dramatically for women,
Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Management Administrative Theory - 1585 Words
115.108: MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION ASSIGNMENT 1 Mary Parker Follett has been described by Schermerhorn et al. as an Administrative Theorist within the Classical approach to management. However, others have seen her as ahead of her time, and have even described her as thoroughly modern . What were Mary Parker Follett s main contributions to management thought and practice; how do they relate to classical management theory and practice and how are they relevant to managers in contemporary organisations? Ever since the early of 20th century, management has been studied as a science due to its important role in influencing various factors of life: from economic, technological to political. Many scholars tried to give us the exactâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦For example, in a newspaper company, a sport journalist cannot write article about politics. ââ¬Å"The leader must articulate the purpose of the organization and then create mechanism through which the various activities of those in the organization can be coordinateâ⬠(Danhart, 2011, p. 67). Mary Parker Follet first new look has an important influence and lead to her next theories in management, which now focus on power and leadership. Follet next enormous contribution to management is the term ââ¬Å"communitiesâ⬠between managers and their workers. ââ¬Å"Communitiesâ⬠is a very new and strange concept at her time. It means that instead of having a system of social dismemberment, the boss and his under workers now sit in the same table. As in her very famous essay ââ¬Å"Powerâ⬠in 1924, she had given the term ââ¬Å"power-withâ⬠and ââ¬Å"power-overâ⬠, which refer to the view of Taylorism and bureaucracy management. In both other theories, employees are seen as robots, leaders have a total control of their employees. Thatââ¬â¢s what ââ¬Å"power-overâ⬠or ââ¬Å"coerciveâ⬠means. Workers have no right to speak up their opinions, at some point, they will lose their amenity towards the companyââ¬â¢s benefits. This goes against the main function of ââ¬Å"the best way to achieving organization goalsâ⬠that classical approach in management has created from the beginnin g. With ââ¬Å"power-withâ⬠or ââ¬Å"coactiveâ⬠, the distance between managers and their employees has been pullShow MoreRelatedTheories Of The Administrative Management Theory958 Words à |à 4 PagesAccording tot the Administrative Management Theory, management is the process of getting certain tasks completed through the use of people. In this theory developed by Henri Fayol, he believes that it was very important to have the use of a multiplied of people instead of just relying on one person alone. Henri Fayol is known today as the ââ¬Å"Father of Modern Managementâ⬠, his theory has shaped what is know today as the Administrative Model, which relies on Fayols fourteen principles of management. These principlesRead MoreThe Theory Of The Administrative Management1772 Words à |à 8 PagesThe administrative management viewpoint evolved early in the 1900s and is most closely identified with Henri Fayol (1841-1925), a French industrialist. Fayolââ¬â¢s work, â⠬Å"Administration industrielle et gà ©nà ©rale (1916)â⬠, later translated into the 1949 ââ¬Å"General and industrial administrationâ⬠, is one of the first and most widely quoted analyses on management. As a result, Fayol influenced many writers, most notably Urwick. Although, there have been many theories supporting Fayolââ¬â¢s ideas, but there haveRead MoreEssay on Administrative Management Theory511 Words à |à 3 Pages Our group project is on Henri Fayolââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Administrative Management Theoryâ⬠. As a group member I took on a task of researching his theory. Henri Fayol began his career as a junior Engineer in French Mining Company. His key work was ââ¬Å"Administration Industrielle et Generaleâ⬠which he published in 1916 ad later o pulished in Eglish I 1949. The administrative theory quot;emphasized management functions and attempted to generate broad administrative principles that would serve as guidelines for the rationalizationRead MoreHistorical Management Theories Of Thes X Y Theory And Fayols Administrative Theory1676 Words à |à 7 PagesHistorical management theories There are several management theories that have been developed over the years. From Taylors Scientific Theory to McGregorââ¬â¢s XY theory and Fayolââ¬â¢s Administrative theory, the evolution of these theories has brought change and increased quality to management. New theories, trial and error and interaction have assisted managers with applying the correct theories to shape their organizational performance improving efficiencies and in many cases, the workplace environmentRead MoreManagement Foundations Essay1635 Words à |à 7 PagesManagement Foundations Esay The classical management perspective represents the first well-developed framework of management (Davidson. P. et al, 2000). Itââ¬â¢s the framework from which later theories evolved and concerns efficiency and productivity, which in turn leads to effective and efficient management. Scientific management and the Administrative theory are both classical management theories, which provide information on managing in the workplace, which are very useful and vital to have inRead MoreThe Classical Theory Of Management Theory1588 Words à |à 7 PagesClassical Management theory entered the business world in the early nineteenth century, with a goal on increasing worker productivity. Developed by Frederick Taylor, the classical theory of management advocated a scientific study of jobs and the workers in charge for them. It was the foundation of modern management theories and it aimed to improve operations within an organization. (Robbins Cutler, 2014). The Classical Management Theory wa s broken into three categories: Scientific Management, whichRead MoreThe Theories Of The Scientific Management Theory1047 Words à |à 5 PagesManagement, as defined by Richard Wilson, is the body of thought that seeks to explain and improve the administrative control of businesses and their employees (2016). In this paper we will discuss some of the more popular management theories including the Scientific Management Theory by Frederick W. Taylor, Administrative Management Theory by Henri Fayol, Bureaucratic Management Theory by Max Weber, The Hawthorne Studies Human Relations Management Theory by Elton Mayo, the Management Science TheoryRead MoreA Review On Organisational Theories1677 Words à |à 7 PagesBUS 5113 - Assignment Unit 1 - A review of organisational theories A review of organisational theories Craig Morley University of the People A review of organisational theories 1 In Chapter 2 of the Organizational Theory text we reviewed four theoretical contributions which are central to the understanding of today s Organizations. Offer a brief analysis of all four theoretical concepts and then pick the one you the feel is the most influential from both historical and managerial perspectives. ExplainRead MoreClassical Management Theory And The Classical Theory1503 Words à |à 7 PagesClassical Management Theory entered the business world in the early nineteenth century, with an emphasis on increasing worker productivity. Developed by Frederick Taylor, the classical theory of management advocated a scientific study of tasks and the workers responsible for them. It was the foundation of many modern management theories and it aimed to improve operations within an organization. The Classical Management Theory was broken into three schools of thinking: Scientific management, which lookedRead MoreTheoretical Perspective And Key Concepts1657 Words à |à 7 PagesThis portion of the paper will explore the theoretical perspective and key concepts first the classical organization theory, authored by Courtney Howard, followed by the theoretical perspective and key concepts of the ecological systems theory authored by Gretchen Rydin. As we have read in previous chapters of our text an organization can be defined as ââ¬Å"social entities that are goal directed as deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems and are linked to the external environmentâ⬠(Kirst-Ashman
Monday, December 23, 2019
Stratification By Definition Is The Categorization Of...
Stratification by definition is the categorization of people into socio-economic strata based upon their annual income and occupation. As stated in the textbook ââ¬Å"Sociology; The Canadian Perspectiveâ⬠both income and occupation strongly correlate; as a lawyer and drug dealer might share similar levels of monetary success; the lawyer would be higher on the strata due to the legitimacy of his career. For people on the lower end of the strata, the ââ¬Å"Lower classâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Working Classâ⬠it becomes increasingly difficult to climb up to the higher classes. In most cases, we see people of color, especially those who grow up on the ââ¬Å"lower endâ⬠of the strata have a harder time achieving success in todayââ¬â¢s society. It poses the question of whether or notâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦A 2011 study showed that a combined 81. 5% of gang members were Hispanic or African-American . Although the juvenile delinquency rate for people of color have decre ased over the years, the number of African-American students that graduate college still stands at a low 42% . The number for those graduating high school on time is at around 59%. The lack of education makes it extremely difficult for them to escape their poor neighborhood upbringing. This reaffirms the theory of environmental determinism, which states that often times oneââ¬â¢s surroundings will shape a person. An article from the New York Times analyzes a study from Sean Reardon (professor at Stanford) who conducted research about black people and low income neighborhoods. Reardon found that even if a black familiesââ¬â¢ annual income is in the $100,000 range, they are living in neighborhoods with median annual income of $54,400. The study found that white and Asian American families typically live in neighborhoods where the median salary is close to that of their own. To put in perspective, middle-class black families are living in neighborhoods with lower income than the typical low-income white family. The reason that these numbers are concerning is because it proves that even when people of color achieveShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words à |à 656 Pagessocioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary chronological break points. In the decades that followed the Great War, the victorious European powers appeared to have restored, even expanded, their global political and economic preeminence only to see it eclipsed by the emergence of the Soviet and U.S. superpowers on their periphery and a second round of even more devastating global conflict. The bifurcated international system that resulted from the cold war standoff
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